The Real Problem With Homework (That No One Wants to Admit)
- stephaniekroack
- 1 day ago
- 5 min read
Updated: 1 day ago

We have a fundamental misunderstanding of homework.
And it’s costing kids more than anyone realizes.
The model we’re operating from is simple:
The student understands the material → they go home → they complete the work → they turn it in.
Clean. Logical. Completely disconnected from reality.
Because that model assumes something that is not true—especially for kids with ADHD, autism, or PDA profiles:
That homework is one task
That success comes down to effort
That if they can do it, they will do it
No.
That’s not how this works.
Homework Isn’t a Task. It’s a System.
When you say “do your homework,” what you’re actually asking a child to do is execute a multi-step, high-level cognitive process across time, environments, and internal states.
To complete one assignment, they have to:
Catch instructions in a fast-moving classroom
Decide what actually matters
Write it down accurately
Remember it exists hours later
Start something they don’t feel like doing
Figure out where to begin
Stay focused when their brain is already tired
Work through confusion without support
Finish it
Get it back to school
Remember to turn it in at the exact right moment
Track everything else that’s due
That’s not responsibility.
That’s executive functioning at a very high level.
And here’s where most people get it wrong:
👉 This system is not just state-dependent
👉 It is also skill-dependent
Let’s Be Clear About That
These kids are not just struggling to access these skills.
In many cases?
👉 They are still developing them.
We’re talking about:
Task initiation
Planning
Organization
Working memory
Time awareness
Emotional regulation
Flexibility
Self-monitoring
These are not personality traits.
They are developing neurological skills.
And in ADHD, autism, and PDA?
-They can develop differently
-They can develop more slowly
-And they can collapse under stress
So Now We Have Two Problems—Not One
Even when the skill exists, it may not be accessible under stress
In some areas, the skill isn’t fully built yet
And we’re expecting both to function perfectly… at the end of the day… with little or no support.
That’s not a reasonable expectation.
That’s a setup.
By the Time Homework Starts, They’re Already Done
Let’s talk about what happens during the school day.
These kids are spending hours:
Managing constant demands
Navigating social dynamics
Filtering sensory input
Masking to meet expectations
Operating in environments with very little autonomy
Even when they look “fine,” they are:
👉 Working incredibly hard just to hold it together
That effort is invisible.
But it’s real.
And it’s exhausting.
By the end of the day:
Their nervous system is taxed
Their executive function is depleted
And the skills we’re asking them to use?
👉 Are the first things to go offline
So What Are We Actually Asking?
We think we’re asking:
“Can you do your homework?”
What we’re actually asking is:
“Do you have these skills fully developed—and can you access all of them right now, after a full day of demand, with little or no support, under conditions that reduce motivation and increase stress?”
And for a lot of kids?
👉 The answer is no.
Not because they don’t care.
Not because they’re lazy.
But because:
👉 The system required to do the task is not available
Neurodivergent Brains Are Not Doing Less—They’re Doing More
Here’s another piece people miss entirely.
These kids are not processing less.
👉 They are processing more.
More sensory inputMore social informationMore environmental dataMore internal experience
They are not “tuning out.”
They are often:
taking in far more than most people can even perceive
This is why they function more like:
*Funnels, not filters
They’re not missing information.
They’re managing more of it.
All at once.
And that matters.
Because:
👉 More input = more load
👉 More load = more energy required
👉 More energy required = less capacity left for executive functioning
Now layer that onto a system where the skills are still developing.
And you start to see the problem clearly.
Stress Doesn’t Just Make It Harder—It Shuts It Down
This isn’t theoretical.
When stress increases:
👉 The prefrontal cortex goes offline
That’s the part of the brain responsible for:
planning
attention
impulse control
working memory
So when a child is overwhelmed and you say:
“Just sit down and focus”
You’re asking them to use the exact system that is currently not accessible.
And again:
👉 The less developed the skill, the faster it disappears under stress
PDA: When Demand Feels Like Threat
For some kids, demand doesn’t feel like pressure.
It feels like threat.
Not metaphorically.
Neurologically.
Demand avoidance is linked to:
anxiety
threat response
loss of autonomy
So what you see as:
👉 avoidance
👉 refusal
👉 “won’t do it”
Is often:
fight, flight, or freeze
And in those states?
Access to skill drops even further
The Hidden Load Is the Whole Story
All day long, these kids are managing:
transitions
expectations
social complexity
sensory input
pressure
They are using executive function just to get through the day.
Not to build skills.
Not to deepen learning.
Just to cope.
So by the time homework shows up?
👉 There is very little left.
And the skills we expect them to use?
👉 Haven’t had the conditions needed to grow.
What Homework Actually Demands
Let’s stop pretending this is simple.
Homework requires:
Cognitive Skills
understanding
recall
application
Executive Function
starting
planning
organizing
holding information
staying focused
shifting when stuck
managing time
checking work
Emotional Regulation
handling frustration
staying engaged
tolerating stress
Motivation
working without urgency, interest, or reward
That’s not one demand.
👉 a full neurological load.
And again:
These are developing skills being asked to perform under stressed and depleted conditions
And When It Falls Apart…
What you see:
“I forgot”
“I’ll do it later”
shutdown
frustration
avoidance
What’s actually happening:
They can’t access the skill
Or the skill isn’t fully built yet
Or both
Most of the time?
👉 It’s both.
This Is Where We Get It Wrong
We respond with:
more pressure
more reminders
more consequences
Because we think:
👉 “They just need to try harder”
But effort doesn’t build a skill that isn’t there.
And pressure doesn’t restore access to a system that’s offline.
What Happens Over Time
If nothing changes:
Short term
inconsistent performance
after-school meltdowns
growing frustration
Medium term
avoidance increases
stress builds
confidence drops
Long term
burnout
disengagement
identity becomes “I can’t”
massive gap between ability and output
And the hardest truth?
👉 The skills never fully develop—because the conditions never support them
The Bottom Line
This is not a compliance issue.
It’s not a motivation issue.
It’s not a character issue.
This is a capacity + skill development issue.
We are asking kids to perform using:
systems that are state-dependent
skills that are still developing
Under conditions that:
👉 reduce access
👉 increase stress
👉 and prevent growth
So Ask a Better Question
Not:
“Why aren’t they doing the homework?”
But:
👉 “What does this child need to access these skills—and what do they need to actually build them?”
Because until we answer that?
We’re not solving the problem.
We’re reinforcing it.
The Research Behind This
Dr. Russell Barkley (ADHD & Executive Function):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCAGc-rkIfo
ADHD is a disorder of performance, not knowledge.
Dr. Ross Greene (Collaborative & Proactive Solutions):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvzQQDfAL-Q
“Kids do well if they can” — behavior reflects lagging skills, not lack of will.
Autism Brain Development (Prefrontal Cortex Neuron Study – JAMA):
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1104609
Found approximately 67% more neurons in the prefrontal cortex in young boys with autism, pointing to differences in early brain development.
Stress & Prefrontal Cortex (Arnsten, 2009):
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn2648
Stress directly impairs the prefrontal cortex, reducing access to executive functioning.
Executive Function & Academic Outcomes (Best, Miller, & Naglieri, 2011):
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3155246/
Executive function is strongly linked to academic performance and develops over time.
Amygdala Connectivity & Emotional Regulation (Autism Research):
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7173634/
Differences in brain connectivity help explain heightened emotional load and regulation challenges.
